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Что (кто) такое Città del Vaticano - определение
![shortest national railway system]] in the world](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/0 Gare du Vatican.JPG?width=200 "shortest national railway system]] in the world")
![The [[Apostolic Palace]] (''Palazzo Apostolico''), the official residence of the Pope. Here, [[Benedict XVI]] is at the window marked by a maroon banner hanging from the windowsill at centre.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/20070610 Rome 29.jpg?width=200 "The [[Apostolic Palace]] (''Palazzo Apostolico''), the official residence of the Pope. Here, [[Benedict XVI]] is at the window marked by a maroon banner hanging from the windowsill at centre.")
![The crowds of tourists in [[St. Peter's Square]] are a target for pickpockets.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crowds in St. Peter's Square.jpg?width=200 "The crowds of tourists in [[St. Peter's Square]] are a target for pickpockets.")
![Gendarmerie]] car](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fiat Bravo Gendarmeria Vaticana.png?width=200 "Gendarmerie]] car")
![The [[Vatican Museums]] (''Musei Vaticani'') display works from the extensive collection of the Catholic Church.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Museums in the Vatican City.jpg?width=200 "The [[Vatican Museums]] (''Musei Vaticani'') display works from the extensive collection of the Catholic Church.")
![The [[Vatican Obelisk]] in [[St. Peter's Square]] was brought to Rome from [[Egypt]] by [[Caligula]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Obelisque Saint Peter's square Vatican City.jpg?width=200 "The [[Vatican Obelisk]] in [[St. Peter's Square]] was brought to Rome from [[Egypt]] by [[Caligula]]")
![Palace of the Governorate of Vatican City State]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Palace of the Governorate. Vatican City State..jpg?width=200 "Palace of the Governorate of Vatican City State]]")
![[[Pope Francis]] in Vatican City, 2021](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait of Pope Francis (2021).jpg?width=200 "[[Pope Francis]] in Vatican City, 2021")
![Bands of the British army's 38th Brigade playing in front of [[St Peter's Basilica]], June 1944](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The British Army in Italy 1944 NA16179.jpg?width=200 "Bands of the British army's 38th Brigade playing in front of [[St Peter's Basilica]], June 1944")
![Territory of Vatican City State according to the [[Lateran Treaty]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/VaticanCity Annex.jpg?width=200 "Territory of Vatican City State according to the [[Lateran Treaty]]")
Википедия
Vatican City ( (listen)), officially Vatican City State (Italian: Stato della Città del Vaticano; Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanae), is a landlocked independent city-state, microstate and enclave within Rome, Italy. It became independent from Italy in 1929 with the Lateran Treaty, and it is a distinct territory under "full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction" of the Holy See, itself a sovereign entity of international law, which maintains the city state's temporal, diplomatic, and spiritual independence. With an area of 49 hectares (121 acres) and a 2019 population of about 453, it is the smallest state in the world both by area and population. As governed by the Holy See, Vatican City State is an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal-monarchical state ruled by the Pope who is the bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. The highest state functionaries are all Catholic clergy of various origins. After the Avignon Papacy (1309–1377) the popes have mainly resided at the Apostolic Palace within what is now Vatican City, although at times residing instead in the Quirinal Palace in Rome or elsewhere. The Vatican is also a metonym for the Holy See.
The Holy See dates back to early Christianity and is the principal episcopal see of the Catholic Church, which has approximately 1.329 billion baptised Catholics in the world as of 2018 in the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches. The independent state of Vatican City, on the other hand, came into existence on 11 February 1929 by the Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and Italy, which spoke of it as a new creation, not as a vestige of the much larger Papal States (756–1870), which had previously encompassed much of Central Italy.
Vatican City contains religious and cultural sites such as St. Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel, and the Vatican Museums. They feature some of the world's most famous paintings and sculptures. The unique economy of Vatican City is supported financially by donations from the faithful, by the sale of postage stamps and souvenirs, fees for admission to museums, and sales of publications. Vatican City has no taxes and items are duty-free.
